Concussion

December 2023

Automated Eye Tracking Enables Saccade Performance Evaluation of Patients with Concussion History

Ailin Song, MD, MHSc, Rami Gabriel, MD, Omar Mohiuddin, MS, MPH, Diane Whitaker, OD, C. Ellis Wisely, MD, MBA, and Terry Kim, MD

Optometry and Vision Science

Automated eye tracking could be used to evaluate saccade performance of patients with concussion history, providing quantitative insights about the degree of oculomotor impairment and potential vision rehabilitation strategies for this patient population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the saccade performance of patients with concussion history based on automated eye-tracking test results.

July 2022

THE EFFECTS OF CHIROPRACTIC CRANIOPATHY UPON TBI PATIENTS MEASURED BY EYE SACCADES

Unger, Joseph F Jr., DC1,2

Logan University, Atrium Health Services

Saccades appear to be a reliable measure of brain dysfunction following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Four subjects were chosen at random having a history of traumatic brain injury and active symptomatology. Trauma and chronic stresses are potentially associated with certain distortion patterns of the pelvis and cranium in the Sacro Occipital Technic® Methods (SOT™) of chiropractic and Chiropractic Craniopathy.

May 2022

Long-Term Effects of Low-Level Blast Exposure and High-Caliber Weapons Use in Military Special Operators

Hunfalvay, Murray, Creel and Carrick

Brain Science

Chronic low-level blast exposure has been linked with neurological alterations and traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarkers. Impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are often associated with TBI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term operators of low-level blast exposure or high-caliber weapons use displayed oculomotor behaviors that differed from controls.

March 2022

Developing Brain in Danger: Critical Periods of Vulnerability from In-utero to Adolescence

Cannizzaro, Melis, and Laye

Frontiers in Neuroscience; Frontiers in Genetics; Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

The perinatal temporal window is a highly vulnerable time in which environmental factors, such as nutrients, drugs, infections, chemicals, and stress, experienced by the mother can be communicated to the offspring and produce lasting consequences on the newborn brain. Eye tracking is a non-invasive method used to understand these changes.

December 2021

Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements as a Biomarker for Mild Concussion within 7-Days of Injury

Hunfalvay, Murray, Mani & Carrick

Brain Injury

Deficits in smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are often associated with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Eye tracking tests serve as a quick objective clinical tool to assess such predictive visual tracking. In this study, SPEM was assessed along circular, horizontal and vertical trajectories in adolescents with concussion and age-matched controls.

October 2021

The Pupillary Light Reflex as a Biomarker of Concussion

Carrick, Azzolino, Hunfalvay, Pagnacco, Oggero, Arcy, Adbulrahman, Sugaya

Life

A retrospective clinical review of pupillary light reflex. Results show differences in age, gender and concussion status.

August 2021

Brain Vital Signs in Elite Ice Hockey: Towards Characterizing Objective and Specific Neurophysiological Reference Values for Concussion Management

Carrick, Pagnacco, Azzolino, Hunfalvay, Oggero, Frizzell, Smith, Pawlowski, Campbell, Fickling, Lakhani, Arcy

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Provides practical clinical implementations that overcome inherent challenges related to dependence on a baseline. This article establishes normative reference data sets.

July 2021

[Presenting October 2021] Circular Smooth Pursuit Assessment and Neuronal Activity in the Alpha Frequency as Predictors of mTBI

Breitbach, Lawton, Warlick, Hunfalvay, Murray

Biomedical Engineering Society. National Science Foundation.

Combination of circular smooth pursuit assessment and neuronal activity in the alpha frequency have the potential to be a successful diagnostic tool for TBIs.

March 2021

Classification of Comprehensive Neuro-Ophthalmologic Measures of Postacute Concussion

Feller, Goldenberg, Asselin, Merchant-Borna, Abar, Jones, Mannix, Kawata, Bazarian

Journal of the American Medical Association: Neurology

Compares persons with and without concussion after the acute injury period. Classification accuracy of clinically important discriminator eye-tracking (ET) metrics. 6 eye-tracking measures that reflect slowed visual reaction time had a combined sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 92.6% for discriminating between the groups

December 2020

Fixation Stability as a Biomarker for Differentiating Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Age Matched Controls in Pediatrics

Hunfalvay, Murray, Carrick

Brain Injury

Examines fixation stability in pediatric patients with mTBI versus age-matched controls.

December 2020

Head Position and Posturography: A Novel Biomarker to Identify Concussion Sufferers

Carrick, Pagnacco, Hunfalvay, Azzolino, Oggero

Brain Sciences

Head and neck position induced by statically maintained head turns is associated with lower stability scores than the standardized head neutral position of the mCTSIB in Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) subjects but not in healthy controls. Head positions of the neutral plane provide biomarkers that differentiate subjects suffering from PCS from healthy normal subjects.

November 2020

Oculomotor Behavior as a Biomarker for Differentiating Pediatric Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Age Matched Controls.

Hunfalvay, Murray, Roberts, Tyagi, Barclay, Carrick

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Explains how the combined measurement of saccades, smooth pursuit, fixations, and reaction time represent a biomarker for differentiating pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury compared to age-matched controls.

January 2020

Vertical Smooth Pursuit as a Diagnostic Marker of TBI

Hunfalvay, Barclay, Kelly, Roberts, Murray, Tyagi, Carrick

Concussion

Examines vertical smooth pursuit test to screen patients with mTBI compared with age-matched controls.

September 2019

Oculomotor Behavior of Acutely Concussed Patients undergoing Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment & Posters

Hunfalvay, Murray, Tyagi, Denham, Biberdorf, Wegge

Neuro Optometric Rehabilitation Association (NORA)

[Conference Presentation] New eye-tracking technology, such as RightEye, offers an objective, reliable and quantifiable way of differentiating between individuals with different severities of TBI, and those without a TBI.

July 2019

Horizontal and Vertical Self-Paced Saccades as a Diagnostic Marker of Traumatic Brain Injury

Hunfalvay, Roberts, Murray, Tyagi, Kelly, Bolte

Concussion

Examines using eye-tracking tests to measure horizontal and vertical saccades as a marker of damage to neural circuits associated with TBI.

July 2018

Reliability of Computerized Eye-tracking Reaction Time Tests in Non-athletes, Athletes, and Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

Lange, Hunfalvay, Murray, Roberts, Bolte

Optometry and Visual Performance

Examination of visual and motor reaction time in athletes, non-athletes, and those with concussion.

March 2018

Brain Monitoring Devices in Neuroscience Clinical Research: The Potential of Remote Monitoring Using Sensors, Wearables, and Mobile Devices

Byrom, McCarthy, Scheueler, Muehlhausen

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

RightEye technology cited in providing reliable estimates of eye-tracking parameters.

June 2017

Lingering Binocular Vision Issues after a Suspected Concussion: A Case Study

Hunfalvay

Translational Biomedicine

This case study examines clinical assessments and eye tracking to monitor patient change over time after extensive vision therapy from a suspected concussion.